CMU Mobile Vet Clinic January Updates

From December 22 to February 3, veterinarians and staff from the Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health conducted field missions to perform elephant health check-ups in Chiang Mai Province. The areas covered included Mae Taeng District, Mae Rim District, Mae Wang District, Hang Dong District, San Kamphaeng District, Doi Saket District, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Mae Chaem District, and Hot District. The activities were carried out in collaboration with the National Elephant Health Research and Service Institute and the Elephant Hospital, Thai Elephant Conservation Center. During the missions, general health examinations were performed, and deworming medications were administered. In addition, basic first-aid medications were provided to all elephant camps in the area. Blood samples were also collected from elephants at risk to assess immune status and to screen for elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection.

Elephant Health Check-Up Team

The veterinarian preformed blood sampling to test for viral infection

A 60-year-old male elephant was reported to have purulent discharge and clear yellow malodorous fluid draining from the tusk cavity since 24 December, with a strong odor detectable from a distance. The mahout had been flushing the cavity with water twice daily, resulting in  decreased discharge and odor, while the elephant maintained normal appetite and defecation and occasionally sprayed the trunk toward the tusk cavity. On 5 January, a veterinarian performed further examination and noted warmth on external palpation, suggesting the presence of inflammation. Manual exploration of the tusk cavity revealed purulent material with a foul odor, without detectable wounds or tusk fragments. Due to the elephant’s aggressive behavior, thorough examination was limited, and the veterinarian recommended regular flushing of the tusk cavity with normal saline combined with povidone-iodine using a saline line to ensure adequate distribution, twice daily (morning and evening), along with oral analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication administered by the mahout twice daily.

The veterinarian performed a close-up physical examination

An elderly female elephant presented with a chronic swelling at the right hip. According to the mahout, the mass had been present for a long period and was suspected to be an abscess; therefore, povidone-iodine had been applied daily to soften the area. On January 8, physical examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 26cm × 20cm, which was warmer than surrounding tissue on palpation.
The lower and central portions were soft and fluctuant, suggestive of fluid accumulation, while the upper portion was firm. Ultrasonographic examination showed fluid accumulation in the lower part of the mass to a depth of approximately 10cm, with a thick fibrous structure in the upper part. Surgical incision and drainage were performed at two sites (central and lower areas), followed by wound debridement and cleaning using hydrogen peroxide, normal saline, diluted povidone- iodine, normal saline again, drying, and application of betadine ointment (Sitron). The mahout was advised to clean the wound twice daily, in the morning and evening.

The veterinarian performed an ultrasonographic examination of the mass

The professionals of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continue to provide top notch care for elephants in all states of health. We are so grateful for their efforts to provide care for Thai elephants of all ages! Donate today to support the care of Thai elephants.

CMU Mobile Clinic Updates

On November 29, a local veterinarian reported that an elderly elephant had collapsed and was unable to rise on its own. The veterinarian assisted the animal by supporting it with a chest strap secured to a tree and lifting efforts using an excavator, along with providing fluid therapy and vitamin supplementation. Upon follow-up examination on December 1, the elephant showed no signs of tremors, was able to walk, had normal defecation, and had a body temperature of 34.8°C (94.6°F). The elephant was eating and drinking normally and remained supported by the chest strap, with additional environmental warming provided by fire, sunlight exposure, and wind protection. Further vitamin support was administered, and blood samples were collected for health assessment. Laboratory results indicated rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown), and so the animal will continue to require monitoring and supportive care.

The veterinarian gives the elephant fluids while the elephant remains supported in a chest trap

On November 27, an owner reported that a 36-year-old female elephant was experiencing vulvar bleeding, described as passing blood clots without signs of depression, abdominal pain, or straining, and with no history of pregnancy. The following day the bleeding persisted but had decreased, so the veterinarian advised starting a 7-day course of supplements to support healthy blood production. Based on the symptoms mentioned, the veterinarian suspected that the cause of all the bleeding may be a mass inside the uterus, a leiomyoma. A follow-up examination on December 2nd revealed the elephant to be bright, alert, and with normal appetite and defecation, and no further vulvar bleeding. CBC and blood chemistry results showed no abnormalities, and the progesterone hormone level is low, suggesting that the elephant is not pregnant. The proposed treatment includes re-evaluating the elephant’s hormone levels in one month (January, 2026) to establish a baseline progesterone profile. Monthly administration of the GnRH vaccine will be continued until the vaginal bleeding subsides, although this approach may decrease her chances of becoming pregnant.

During the first week of December, it was reported to the CMU Mobile Vet team that a 60-year-old female elephant had slipped and fallen, resulting in right hindlimb lameness after her knee struck a fence post. On physical examination, the elephant showed dragging of the affected limb, was able to bear weight, and had no external wounds, swelling, or warm, but had avoided lying down at night since the incident. The veterinarian administered anti-inflammatory medication and performed laser therapy to reduce inflammation. The owner was advised to provide cold compresses on the injured area twice daily for 5–10 minutes each session, and to restrict the elephant’s movement to prevent further strain.

The veterinarian preformed laser therapy of the right hind limb

On December 25–26, the veterinary team from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic welcomed students and faculty members from Ohio, for a hands-on training workshop on the diagnosis of elephant diseases at the Thai Elephant Conservation Center, Hang Chat District, Lampang Province. The workshop provided comprehensive instruction on elephant behavior and fundamental health care, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diseases in elephants. Furthermore, the program facilitated an academic exchange of knowledge and perspectives on elephant management and care practices between Western and Eastern cultures.

Veterinarians guide students in conducting physical examinations of elephants

The professionals of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continue to provide top notch care for elephants in all states of health. We are so grateful for their efforts to provide care for Thai elephants of all ages! Donate today to support the care of Thai elephants.

CMU Mobile Vet November Updates

Last month we told you about the CMU Mobile Vet team visiting a 5-year-old female to diagnose a blocked nasal passage with a foreign object. On November 6, 2025, the CMU veterinarian participated in a surgical procedure to remove that foreign body. The case was first examined on October 29, 2025, when radiographic imaging revealed a solid, elongated object lodged in the right nasal passage. The surgical team at the elephant hospital, Lampang planned and successfully performed the operation to remove the foreign body, with the mobile clinic vet assisting in monitoring vital signs throughout the procedure. The surgery was successful, and a wooden stick approximately 50 cm in length was removed. The wound was then closed, and a postoperative care plan was implemented.

Top: Surgical procedure to remove the lodge object

Below: The 50cm long stick removed from the youngsters trunk

At one camp, the owner reported that a 52-year-old male elephant had a wound on the sole of his foot. According to the history, the injury was likely caused by striking a tree stump, resulting in a laceration beneath the third and fourth nails of the right hind limb. The veterinarian examined the wound and found no active bleeding or signs of infection. Debridement was performed to allow the elephant to bear weight on the foot. The owner was instructed on proper wound care, advised to reduce the elephant’s walking, and to keep him secured in a dry and clean barn.

The veterinarian cleans and debris the wound on a rear pad

On the afternoon of November 11, the owner reported that a 3-year-7-month-old female elephant appeared lethargic and was spending more time lying down and resting than usual. Upon examination, the veterinarian obtained additional history and found that the calf was still eating and defecating normally. The mahout mentioned that the calf might not be getting enough rest due to disturbance from another young elephant and recent frequent heavy rain, which could have affected her sleeping pattern. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities—no petechiae or edema on the face, no fever, and no signs suggestive of infection. The veterinarian administered vitamins to boost immunity and advised improving the elephant’s resting environment. Blood samples were collected for health check and viral infection screening to further evaluate the elephant’s overall health condition.
A follow-up examination two days later revealed that the patient was bright and active with normal appetite, normal defecation, and no fever on rectal temperature. However, PCR testing was positive for EEHV, and antiviral therapy was initiated three times daily along with Vitamin C supplementation. Blood samples were collected for CBC, blood chemistry, and viral detection.
On a subsequent follow-up on November 17, the patient remained bright, alert and responsive with normal appetite, defecation, temperature and no petechiae or swelling. Antiviral medication and Vitamin C were continued, and blood was collected for monitoring. Thankfully, this time PCR results returned negative for EEHV, leading to discontinuation of Acyclovir while maintaining Vitamin C to support immune function.

Mouth check of the calf showing healthy tissue with no bruising or swelling

On 13 November 2025, the veterinarian conducted a health check on four calves. Upon examination, all calves appeared healthy, with no abnormalities detected. They showed normal growth for their age, ate and defecated normally, and displayed playful behavior typical of young elephants. Blood samples were collected from two calves that the mahouts were able to safely restrain, in order to assess immune status and perform viral detection. Encouragingly, the results showed no evidence of viral infection in either of the sampled elephants.

Happy healthy calf with mom after examination

Later in the month, the CMU team was called to check on two elephants who had been experiencing pruritus (itchy skin) and frequently rubbing their bodies against trees. History-taking and a physical examination revealed multiple skin lesions located behind the ears, on the legs, and on the hips, along with a heavy infestation of lice particularly noted behind the ears. An intramuscular anti-parasitic medication was administered, and the owner was advised to bathe the elephants thoroughly and brush the affected areas or apply an appropriate anti-louse treatment.

Back of the affected elephant’s ear showing the presence of lice

We are so grateful for the tireless efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Veterinary Clinic team. It’s such a pleasure to read their reports when we get ones with such positive case outcomes. Help AES continue to support the efforts of the CMU vet team in caring for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic October Updates

October brought the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic calls of help for elephants of all ages but mostly little ones. There was some unfortunate loss, but also success. 

On October 13,  a camp owner contacted the veterinarian team regarding a nearly 2-year-old calf that showed loss of appetite and facial swelling. The calf had refused bananas since the morning and appeared depressed, raising serious concern for possible EEHV infection. The team immediately traveled to the camp for examination.

Upon arrival, the calf was found to be severely depressed and slow to respond, with mild facial edema and a high fever. The feces were foul-smelling, and the calf frequently opened his mouth but refused all food, even when offered antiviral medication and vitamin C. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was administered intramuscularly while awaiting transport to the hospital.

  Unfortunately, despite intensive efforts, the calf’s condition deteriorated rapidly, and he passed away that night. Laboratory testing later confirmed EEHV type 4 infection.

 Because the calf had been housed with two other young elephants in the same camp, the veterinarian revisited the site to collect blood samples for monitoring and instructed the camp staff on thorough disinfection procedures. Mahouts were also advised to closely observe their calves for any early signs of illness. Vitamin C was provided as well

Calf showing low behavioral demeanor and a slightly swollen head

On October 19, 2023, an 8-month-old male elephant presented with lethargy, reduced playfulness, and decreased appetite for bananas, though it was still consuming milk. The owner also reported salivation. On October 20, 2023, a veterinarian examined the elephant and found it spraying its trunk and having saliva after eating bananas and watermelon. The elephant was not lethargic, and no lesions or bleeding were observed in the oral cavity. The elephant’s teeth were noted to be quite sharp, and the owner mentioned the elephant sometimes imitates its mother’s eating habits, which may have caused discomfort. The veterinarian administered vitamin supplements to support immunity and collected blood samples to test for viral

Vet and mahout examine calf’s mouth for injury and discover sharp teeth

While returning from another case, the veterinarian received a call from an elephant owner reporting that their elephant had swollen and painful legs, requesting an examination. Upon arrival, the veterinarian found a 30-year-old female elephant with swelling in both hindlimbs. The elephant was still able to bear weight but frequently rested its legs. A close physical examination revealed small lacerations on both hindlimbs caused by sharp objects, with no deep penetration but with a small amount of pus present. The wounds were cleaned, and pain-relief medication was administered. The owner was advised on proper wound care, including daily cleaning of the affected areas and reducing the elephant’s walking activity to support healing.

Vet cleaning wound on hindlimbs

On October 24, another owner reported that a 2-year-old female elephant calf had eaten soil and subsequently developed diarrhea and lethargy. Upon examination, the calf was found to be slightly lethargic but defecating normally. The feces were green in color, contained no soil, and were moist. No facial swelling or petechiae were observed, and the calf was eating normally. Vitamin supplements were administered to boost immunity, and a blood sample was collected for viral testing. The owner was advised to closely monitor the calf’s condition. And finally the blood test results showed no evidence of viral infection.

Vet closely observe calf looking for possible EEHV symptoms

A 5-year-old female elephant presented with suspected foreign body obstruction in the trunk. The mahout reported that since the evening of October 28, the elephant had difficulty lifting her trunk but was still able to pick up food and drink by drawing water through it. On the morning of October 29, a small piece of corn residue was expelled. The elephant remained able to sleep normally. On physical examination, she continuously blew air from her trunk and could only flex the distal one-third of it. Palpation revealed a firm foreign object located approximately 50 cm deep inside the right nasal passage of the trunk. Anti-inflammatory medication was administered, and attempts were made to shake and manipulate the trunk, but the object remained in place. Referral to a specialized veterinary hospital was recommended for further diagnostic evaluation and management.

Vet palpates trunk for blockage

The professionals of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continue to provide top notch care for elephants in all states of health. We are so grateful for their efforts to provide care for Thai elephants of all ages! Donate today to support the care of Thai elephants.

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates

This month, the CMU Mobile Veterinary Clinic team treated elephants with various conditions, including colic, chronic wounds, eye ulcers, and foot abscesses. One of the more challenging cases involved suturing an injured trunk, a reminder of how complex and delicate elephant medicine can be. Fortunately, most of their patients responded well to treatment and are now recovering.

Early in the month, an owner called the team to examine a 7-year-old female elephant that had stepped on a nail. The mahout reported that he had immediately removed the nail, which was long, narrow, and covered with rust. Upon examination, they found only a small scratch-like wound on the sole of the left hind foot, and the elephant was still bearing weight normally. The veterinarian attempted to explore the wound but found no open tract. A tetanus toxoid vaccine was administered as a precaution. Unfortunately, about four weeks later, the camp manager contacted the CMU team again to report that the wound had developed into a foot abscess. The elephant was now severely lame, and the abscess had ruptured near the site of the nail injury. She was unable to place her heel on the ground and instead rested her front nail while walking.

Upon re-examination, overgrown granulated tissue was found protruding from the wound and some areas of the foot pad had already been trimmed by the mahout. The elephant showed pain during the procedure, making thorough wound cleaning difficult. The veterinarian carefully trimmed the foot pad and inserted a cotton swab into the tract, which helped release the pressure from a large amount of foul-smelling pus. The elephant’s foot was then soaked in a large tub with povidone-iodine solution, and antibiotic therapy was initiated, along with pain management. Two days later, the mahout reported continued improvement of the injury site due to repeated soaks and treatment.

Vet and mahout search for nail puncture wound near the date of injury

Foot soaking with providone-iodine solution

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The team had several calls for eye care this month with a couple elephants presenting with corneal ulcers.  On September 9, the vets visited an elephant whose mahout reported excessive tearing from the eye for the past three days, with no sign of improvement. However, by the time the team arrived; the lacrimation had already subsided. Upon close examination, the corneal surface appeared slightly irregular, suggesting mild irritation but without the formation of a whitish spot. A fluorescein stain test was performed and showed a negative result, indicating no corneal ulceration. The veterinarian advised the mahout to clean the eye regularly using an eye-rinsing solution only.

In another eye case, the owner of a 30-year-old had sent a photo for preliminary assessment, which showed a closed eye, redness, swollen eyelids, and excessive tearing. From the mahout’s history, the elephant had been showing signs of eye pain and tearing for about a week. He had previously applied an orange-colored eye drop, which upon review was found to be a steroid-based medication. On examination, the right eye showed a corneal ulcer with a whitish spot and positive fluorescein staining, along with excessive tearing and warmth around the eyelid area. Fortunately, the mahout had already been trained in proper eye-washing techniques and demonstrated the procedure very well. The veterinarian explained to the mahout, guide, and owner the importance of avoiding steroidal eye drops in cases of corneal ulceration and pain relief medication was prescribed to support recovery.

Vet grabs a close-up to examine the eye

While working in the Mae Wang area, the vets were also asked to examine a female elephant living nearby that had a chronic eye problem. Upon arrival, they observed excessive tearing from her left eye and a small whitish spot on the cornea. The veterinarian demonstrated proper eye-rinsing and topical medication techniques for the mahout and then supervised him as he practiced the procedure. Eye care supplies and an anti-inflammatory drug were provided for continued home treatment. During a follow-up visit three weeks later, the elephant’s condition had significantly improved. She showed normal tear production, no signs of irritation, and her eye appeared comfortable and healthy.

Long tear length and whitish lesion on cornea

While working at the camp on the above case, the camp’s veterinary assistant noticed something unusual with another elephant nearby. Upon checking, the team and camp vet assistant discovered that she had sustained a severe injury to the end of her trunk, likely caused by the nearby bull resting too close to her. The incident was shocking for everyone at the clinic. Fortunately, the bleeding was minimal. The mahout quickly moved her to the treatment stall for emergency care.
Examination revealed a long, deep laceration at the tip of the trunk, penetrating into the lumen and leaving a skin flap. The team decided to sedate the elephant to allow thorough cleaning and wound repair. After about an hour, the elephant was under sufficient sedation, and her trunk was gently laid on the ground. The wound was cleaned with chlorhexidine scrub, rinsed repeatedly with normal saline, and then disinfected with povidone-iodine solution before suturing. The procedure took nearly two hours, and the team successfully completed the suturing. The wound was covered with a bandage, and the reversal drug was administered afterward. The elephant recovered smoothly from sedation. The camp veterinarian continued post-operative care, including antibiotics and pain management.

Unfortunately, suturing a trunk wound in elephants is extremely challenging due to its constant movement and critical role in daily functions. Despite diligent daily wound care, necrotic tissue was observed on the fourth day post-surgery, and most of the sutures had failed. This case served as a valuable lesson for the CMU team highlighting both the delicate anatomy of the elephant trunk and the limitations of conventional suturing techniques. The team will continue monitoring her recovery and adjust the wound management approach to support natural healing while maintaining her comfort and trunk function.

Post-op day 1 after suturing

The professionals of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continue to provide top notch care for elephants in all states of health. We are so grateful for their efforts to educate fellow veterinary care providers and mahouts and providing care for Thai elephants of all ages! Donate today to support the care of Thai elephants.

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic August 2025

August found the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic team quite busy. Between sharing EEHV testing procedures to participating in two national meeting/conferences back-to-back and continuing to attend to cases, the month was certainly full!

The Center, in collaboration with the EEHV laboratory team, conducted molecular laboratory training on EEHV diagnosis for Dr. Roopan Navaneetha Krishnan, a foreign veterinarian who is establishing EEHV diagnostic capacity in Sabah, Malaysia. The training was held August 4th – 8th under the supervision of Lecturer Dr. Thunyamas Guntawang. Both Dr. Roopan and Dr. Paan participated in hands-on practice with PCR-based diagnostic techniques for EEHV. This initiative is expected to significantly benefit the Bornean elephant population by providing access to essential EEHV diagnostic services. In addition, it enhances diagnostic readiness for captive elephants in Chiang Mai, particularly during unofficial hours and holidays when timely diagnosis is critical.

Dr. Paan (front) and Dr Roopan (far back) practice PCR diagnostics

On August 13th, the EEHV Task Force Thailand convened a pre-congress meeting ahead of the National Thai Elephant Conference in Lampang. The meeting brought together veterinarians, researchers, and stakeholders from universities, government agencies, elephant hospitals, and private organizations to discuss the current status of EEHV in Thailand and abroad. Updates were shared on recent EEHV cases, treatment outcomes, and diagnostic advances, alongside reviews of global progress in therapeutic protocols and research.

Group discussions at the EEHV Task Force meeting

The annual National Thai Elephant Conference was held on August 14th – 15th at the National Elephant Institute, Lampang, under the theme “The End Era of Thai Elephants.” The event gathered veterinarians, researchers, mahout leaders, conservationists, government officers, and representatives from the tourism and NGO sectors to discuss the future of Thailand’s elephants. Sessions throughout the conference covered a wide range of critical topics, from advances in population genetics and reproduction management to strategies for mitigating human-elephant conflict, as well as reflections on traditional practices such as wild-capture ceremonies and their relevance in modern conservation contexts. The overarching message of the conference was clear: without immediate and coordinated efforts across research, veterinary care, legislation, and community engagement, the future of Thai elephants remains at serious risk, demanding collective responsibility and action from all stakeholders.

On August 12th, the CMU Mobile Vet Clinic team was called to examine a 10-year-old female elephant in Mae Wang after the owner reported persistent lacrimation for three days. The chief mahout had attempted eye rinsing, but there was no improvement. By the time they arrived, the condition had largely resolved. The veterinarian conducted a thorough ocular examination and performed fluorescein staining to check for corneal ulceration; the result was negative. The veterinarian also demonstrated the proper technique of eye rinsing with a syringe, as the mahouts had previously been flushing only the outer eyelid surface without adequately rinsing the cornea. Medical supplies were provided for follow-up care.

Dr. Paan examines eye

On another visit, vets were called out for a second time as the mahout reported that a 10-month-old calf had been chewing on her mother’s mammary teat. Upon examination, the mother’s right teat was swollen, reddened, and showed a laceration, although milk let-down was still functional. The veterinarian discussed management with the mahout and suggested applying Tinospora extract, which has a naturally bitter taste, to discourage the calf from sucking at the injured site. For wound care, we recommended cleansing the teat only with saline irrigation, avoiding antiseptics or antibiotics to prevent irritation. In addition, the mother was prescribed anti-inflammatory medication for three consecutive days to reduce pain and swelling.

Calf who keeps biting mom

There were several other cases during the month with gastrointestinal symptoms. A couple of the cases involved calves, each of whom thankfully were negative for EEHV and recovered after a visit from the team, examination, and treatment. One call involved four elephants who all seemed to be experiencing colic. By the time the vets arrived three of them were on their way back to normal, but the more severe case (mother to a one-year-old calf) required more attention. To support her recovery, intravenous fluids and a lidocaine CRI were administered to relieve pain and stimulate intestinal motility. Over the course of the day, her condition improved significantly; she appeared brighter, requested food, and passed more feces following another rectal examination and walking.

Cow was encouraged to walk uphill to continue digestive improvement

We are thankful for the continued efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Clinic veterinarians and staff! To help support their mission to care for and conserve Thai elephants, DONATE today!

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic July 2025 Update

Chiang Mai University hosted a short course on Elephant Medicine for students from LIU at the National Elephant Institute in Lampang from July 7–8. They collaborated with the veterinary staff at the Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC) to deliver sessions on topics such as elephants in Thai culture, elephant management, welfare, and the future directions of Thai elephant conservation. For many students, this was their first experience interacting directly with elephants. They learned how to safely approach and handle elephants, participated in full physical examinations, and assisted with veterinary care for elephant patients. The course concluded with group presentations and discussions focused on elephant welfare and the current challenges in elephant conservation.

International veterinary students learn in hands-on atmosphere

One evening the CMU mobile vet team received a call about an elephant with a tusk injury. The following day they were able to examine the injury. According to the owner, two adult females were playing and fighting when one suddenly screamed, and the mahout discovered her tusk had broken. Neither elephant showed other significant wounds or injuries. On examination, the injured elephant’s tusk was broken at the base but, fortunately, without bleeding. There was no severe swelling, the elephant had not packed soil into the cavity and when the veterinarian flushed the empty socket no discharge was observed. The wound was thoroughly cleaned with saline and povidone iodine solution several times. A tetanus toxoid vaccine was administered, and pain control medication was prescribed for four consecutive days. Follow-up recommendations included daily wound observation, maintaining cleanliness of the tusk cavity, prevention of soil packing, monitoring for swelling, discharge, or odor suggestive of infection, restriction of physical activity, and re-examination within one week or earlier if complications arise.

Clean cavity after the loss of the tush

A 3-year-old juvenile elephant presented with swelling of the left carpal region following a slip in the forest. The swelling had persisted for approximately one week, though the elephant exhibited minimal stiffness and maintained functional use of the limb. Therapeutic management included the application of Class IV laser therapy in swelling and tendinitis mode to reduce inflammation and promote recovery. Additionally, a topical spray was prescribed to be applied to the affected area to assist in reducing swelling.

Juvenile calf receives laser therapy to assist in reducing inflammation

The veterinarian visited Mae Wang to perform health examinations on two subadult elephants, aged 6 and 7 years, that have been enrolled in a research project involving biweekly blood collection over the course of one year. Both elephants were found to be in normal body condition, with unremarkable physical examinations and vital parameters within the preferred ranges. Hematology results were also normal. Notably, over the course of the study, both elephants demonstrated increasing cooperation during the medical procedures. They were calm and stood still during blood draws, showing no apparent fear or distress compared to the initial sessions. For the veterinarians, this observation highlights the importance of early training for young elephants to facilitate routine veterinary procedures such as blood collection, which is critical for effective health monitoring and disease surveillance.

Juvenile participates well during routine blood draw for research

The professionals of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continue to provide top notch care for elephants in all states of health. We are so grateful for their efforts to educate fellow veterinary care providers and mahouts and providing care for Thai elephants of all ages!

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic June 2025 Updates

June started as a relatively quiet month for the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic team. Their first case was the successful check up on a calf that had previously been diagnosed with EEHV. After that, it was relatively quiet for two weeks until several cases popped up in the last two weeks of the month. There were multiple gastrointestinal cases and several musculoskeletal cases. Thankfully, virtually all cases this month ended with a positive prognosis!

It had been nearly two weeks since a 7-year-old male elephant was diagnosed with and recovered from EEHV type 4 infection. The CMU Mobile Clinic veterinarian visited the camp to conduct a follow-up and collected a blood sample for final monitoring. The results showed all parameters within normal ranges. At present, the elephant appeared bright, alert, and in good health!

Within a week of each other, four cases presenting with gastrointestinal discomfort were reported to
the CMU vets. In the first case, the elderly elephant presented with a loss of appetite, large amounts of soil in her feces, and concerns of bloating. The team advised a walk for the elephant along with an anti- flatulent medication. Upon arrival, the vets administered a pain relief injection and activated charcoal with simethicone to support gut function. Since her condition had improved, no further treatment was necessary and the vets left recommendations to supplement her diet with salt and minerals for overall health benefits.

Elderly cow eating post-treatment

A week later the CMU Mobile Vets were called out to another location where an adult female elephant was showing signs of colic. She had passed only a small amount of feces that morning and had refused both food and water. Prior to the team’s arrival, the mahout had taken her for a walk uphill to stimulate gastrointestinal motility. Upon arrival, the vets were informed that a second elephant, her sister, was also experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms. The first elephant appeared depressed with signs of gas accumulation, while the second had developed watery diarrhea. The vets began by examining the more severely affected elephant, who had an absence of feces and was beginning to develop a fever. She was given intravenous fluid therapy, a pain reliever, an intestinal stimulant was administered, and rectal enema. She began eating bananas shortly after the passage of a large amount of feces. She was encouraged to continue walking, which led to further improvement. The second elephant, meanwhile, had strong gut sounds. While preparing her medications, she passed watery diarrhea along with an
unfamiliar intestinal parasite. A sample was collected for identification and after receiving a pain reliever and antispasmodic medication, she appeared more comfortable and resumed eating. By the following day, both elephants had gradually returned to normal eating and drinking behavior.

Sisters who were treated for gastrointestinal discomfort

While working in Mae Wang, the CMU team received a call in the evening from a camp manager
reporting that one of their elephants had a nail issue. The elephant had previously suffered from a land mine during her youth while living near the border. Although the wound had healed, it left her foot permanently deformed, affecting her gait and weight-bearing ability. Concerned that the nail injury might be serious, the vets visited the camp for an assessment. Fortunately, it turned out to be a minor issue. A small portion of the nail surface was torn and twisted. The veterinarian trimmed the affected area using a hoof knife to prevent further damage.

Foot of mine injured elephant before (left) and after (right) minor nail care

Later in the month, a call came in from an elephant owner regarding a female elephant showing signs of lameness. She is currently caring for a young calf. According to the mahout, the elephant had shown mild lameness for about five days, but continued to eat well and was able to lie down at night as usual. Upon examination, gait analysis revealed that she was able to bear weight on all of her limbs and flex her joints properly. However, mild lameness was noted in the right forelimb. A thermal scan identified a warm spot over the dorsal carpal area, where a small superficial cut was observed. Pain relief medication and topical massage oil were administered. Additionally, the vets recommended rest until she has fully recovered.

Mom elephant has leg imaged with thermal scan while her baby waits with their mahout

On the morning of June 30, the team received a video clip from the owner showing a 3-year-old juvenile elephant with apparent lameness. In the footage, the elephant was walking while lifting his left foreleg, raising concern for a potentially serious injury. The veterinarian inquired about any possible causes. According to the mahout, the elephant had been frightened the previous afternoon and ran into the forest. Due to the rainy and muddy conditions, it was suspected he might have slipped. The next morning, the mahout found the elephant avoiding the use of his left forelimb. However, after additional photos and videos were sent, the situation seemed less severe. The elephant was able to walk and bear weight on all limbs, though mild swelling was observed around the left carpal joint. Initially, the team was quite concerned about a possible fracture. Although the procedure was challenging due to the young elephant’s lack of training, vets were able to perform an x-ray and confirm that no fractures were present. Pain relief medication was administered, and cold compresses were attempted, although the calf was not very cooperative with the treatment. Continued monitoring and rest were advised.

Young calf finally stands still for x-ray of affected left forelimb

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic May 2025 Updates

The veterinary team with the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continued their mission to care for Thai elephants of the surrounding areas. The team worked through multiple cases of wounds or injuries, gastrointestinal upset, and at one camp they did health checks for 11 elephants. They conducted another EEHV awareness educational meeting for mahouts and owners and, happily, the team was able to celebrate the successful treatment of an EEHV-4 case.

A male elephant residing in Hang Dong suddenly developed swelling and stiffness in his left forelimb. During the history-taking, the mahout was unsure of the cause of the injury. The camp’s veterinarian initially administered a course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for four consecutive days and then contacted the CMU team to request laser therapy.

Bull presenting his swollen left foreleg

Upon examination, the left forelimb showed significant swelling extending from the elbow joint down to the foot. The affected muscles and tendons were tender upon palpation. The elephant was not laying down to rest at night, though his appetite and defecation remained normal. A thermoscan camera was used to assess the area, and the highest temperature — indicating inflammation — was localized at the elbow joint. Laser therapy was applied along the affected leg using settings for anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects. After treatment and consultation both the camp and CMU veterinary teams agreed that supportive care should continue, and the mahout was advised to perform regular cold compresses to help reduce swelling. Laser therapy was scheduled for at least twice per week. Encouragingly, the mahout reported visible improvement the day after the first session, the elephant began flexing the joint more easily during walking. After four laser therapy sessions over the course of a week, the elephant’s swelling and tenderness had subsided significantly.

The thermoscan showing inflammation on the left elbow

Following the successful EEHV awareness session in April, the staff of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic continued efforts to engage more elephant camps in the Mae Wang District. Several camps and mahouts expressed appreciation for the initiative and acknowledged the importance of understanding EEHV, especially its early signs and the urgency of reporting suspected cases.
During the sessions, real case examples were shared and participants discussed practical steps for monitoring young elephants including daily health checks, recognizing abnormal symptoms, and maintaining clear communication with veterinarians. Interactive discussions allowed staff to ask questions and share their own experiences, helping to create a more collaborative and informed environment. The goal is to ensure that all camps—regardless of size or resources—are equipped with the basic knowledge and confidence to act quickly and effectively if a suspected EEHV case arises. By building this awareness and collaboration, the CMU Mobile Clinic vets hope to improve outcomes and protect the next generation of Thai elephants.

Participants share and discuss on their experience with EEHV

Near the end of the month, the team was called for a 7-year-old juvenile male elephant experiencing abdominal discomfort, leading him to consume soil instinctively as a form of natural deworming. However, given the presence of intestinal parasites and the possibility of gastrointestinal infection, the vet proceeded with further diagnostics. Blood samples were collected for hematology, and supportive treatments were given, including a painkiller, anti-flatulent, antiparasitic drug, and activated charcoal. Vitamin C and antiviral drugs were also prepared in case they became necessary.

The hematology results came back within normal ranges. However, due to persistent concerns, the blood was submitted for EEHV testing. Surprisingly, a weak positive for EEHV type 4 was detected. Given this result, the veterinarian immediately instructed the mahout to begin antiviral treatment. The following day, the mahout reported improvement in the elephant’s appetite and general demeanor. The elephant accepted the medications well. A follow-up visit was conducted on the next day to monitor clinical signs and collect another blood sample. The second PCR test continued to show a less EEHV-4 positive, though the elephant remained clinically normal. The antiviral regimen was continued, and within one week, the elephant showed full clinical recovery. The final blood sample returned negative for EEHV, at which point treatment was discontinued. This case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and early intervention, even in cases that initially appear to be mild colic, especially in young elephants at risk of EEHV.

Mahout medicating EEHV positive young bull

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates April 2025

April’s report from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic comes full of both success and sadness. Happily, there were fewer cases requiring treatment last month, however one of those cases was the loss of a 1.5-year-old calf to EEHV. The loss is a sad reminder that EEHV is still an ever-present threat to elephants around the world. The team did relay happy news that a calf near Surin, Thailand was treated for EEHV 4 and survived; a first in Thailand for that strain. With fewer calls to cases, education and workshops continued the CMU team’s mission.

Following the unfortunate death of a juvenile elephant due to EEHV type 1 infection, the camp owner requested the CMU team provide training and raise awareness about EEHV among the camp staff. Although the camp is managed by experienced personnel and mahouts, some team members, including mahouts, guides and housekeepers, were relatively new and unfamiliar with this serious disease. One of the key concerns in the case was the delayed notification. To address this, the educational session focused on the importance of early detection and immediate reporting of any abnormal signs in young elephants. The vets were concerned to discover that many staff members had limited or no prior knowledge of EEHV. However, the session was well-received and helped enhance understanding of the disease and its impact. The CMU team plans to organize similar awareness programs for other elephant camps in the region to strengthen early intervention and improve the survival chances of young elephants at risk of EEHV.

Vets present on EEHV for about an hour at a camp in Mae Wang

On April 21, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, organized a training and workshop focused on the use of dart guns for remote drug delivery. One of the primary objectives of the training was to demonstrate techniques for the safe immobilization of wild animals and elephants, especially during high-risk situations such as musth in bulls. A highlight of the event was a special lecture on the topic of “Safe Immobilization and Elephant Control,” delivered by Dr. Khajohnpat from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC), who generously shared his valuable experience. The workshop was well-attended by elephant veterinarians, chief mahouts, and other stakeholders from across Chiang Mai.

Dr. Khajohnpat from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC) presents on immobilization and drug administration

A camp owner in Mae Wang recently rescued and relocated a geriatric bull elephant from another province. She requested a health check from the veterinary team. Upon examination, the bull was found to be slightly underweight, with noticeable abscesses on both elbows, likely caused by pressure while laying down. The veterinarian recommended a 14-day quarantine period for the new arrival to monitor his condition and prevent the potential spread of disease. The mahout was instructed on proper wound cleaning procedures to manage the abscesses. The owner also shared plans to construct a treatment stall to facilitate further medical care for the elephant in the coming weeks.

The older bull who was rescued seemed slightly underweight but on his way to recovery

In another case the veterinary team was contacted regarding a mother elephant who had developed wounds at her vestibule and the tip of her tail. The issue began approximately two days prior, and the mahout observed that the elephant frequently struck her vestibular area with her tail. Additionally, worms were reportedly present in the wounds. Upon examination, the veterinarian found lesions with necrotic tissue and pus in the vestibular area, with visible maggots (myiasis). A large number of worms were also found burrowed into the wound at the tip of the tail, likely causing significant discomfort and prompting the tail-hitting behavior. The wounds were thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed with chlorhexidine and rinsed with diluted povidone-iodine. The vet manually removed as many maggots as possible and applied a topical antibiotic ointment to both areas. The mahout was advised to continue cleaning the wounds daily to prevent reinfestation and promote healing.

Cow’s tail with infected wound near the end

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates

The seasons are changing and with the warmer weather the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic in Thailand have been seeing a variety of cases. There was quite a variety of cases in March, including two births just a few days apart. Unfortunately, one calf was also taken to hospital to be treated for EEHV and the region experienced one of the worst earthquakes in recent memory. Thankfully, the CMU team can keep treating elephants with concerns of all kinds thanks to donors like you!

The veterinarian from a camp in Hang Dong contacted the team to request laser therapy for a female elephant. She explained that the elephant had experienced sensitive skin for many years. Last year, she developed a burn and skin erosion on her back, which resulted in an open wound. After careful wound cleaning and treatment, the injury had significantly improved and was nearly healed. To accelerate the healing process, the veterinarian requested laser therapy. Consequently, a treatment plan was established, scheduling laser therapy sessions once a week. After three weeks the wound was much improved. 

Vets perform laser therapy on erosion wound

In another case, the veterinary team was contacted to examine an elephant that had been experiencing leg stiffness for three weeks. Upon examination, there was no visible swelling or wound on her right front leg. The mahout mentioned that the elephant had been pricked by a small nail, but it had not resulted in an open wound. Upon further assessment of the cow’s gait, she exhibited a stiff gait with noticeable leg swinging. A thermo-scan camera was also used to detect inflammation, revealing a slightly warmer area at the site where the mahout had reported the nail incident. However, the temperature difference was minimal compared to the surrounding areas. Given the persistent stiffness, we decided to administer an anti-inflammatory injection and prescribed a course of treatment.

Thermo-scan indicates inflammation with slightly warmer area of leg

One call during the month of March was the same eye patient the CMU team examined last month. She had previously been diagnosed with eye irritation. A close examination of her left eye revealed a small whitish spot on the cornea with mild opacity surrounding the ulcer. She frequently exhibited third eyelid protrusion, likely due to pain and discomfort. A fluorescein stain test was performed, yielding a positive result. The veterinarian thoroughly cleaned the eye and observed the mahout’s eye-washing technique to ensure proper care. The mahout was instructed to continue administering eye drops four times a day along with a painkiller. A follow-up visit one week later showed that while lacrimation (excessive tears) persisted, the elephant appeared more comfortable.

In the afternoon, an elephant camp owner called the CMU Mobile Vet team to report that one of his elephants had given birth on March 29. The newborn was her second calf, a female. According to the owner, the pregnant elephant was feeding with tourists around 2 p.m. when she suddenly expelled a large amount of fluid. The mahout team gently guided her into the stall, and shortly afterward, she delivered a healthy female calf. Fortunately, as an experienced mother, she nursed her newborn without any complications. The placenta was expelled five hours later. Although she had milk and cared for her baby well, she refused to eat or drink throughout the afternoon. The team was called to help when she continued to exhibit signs of pain and discomfort into the evening. To relieve her discomfort, the vet administered a painkiller. Within 15 minutes, she appeared more at ease and started eating corn stalks and drinking water.

New mom receives pain killers to aid with post delivery discomfort

Our partners at the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic also reported on the aftermath of the Myanmar based earthquake in Thailand. “All of the staff are safe. Many people working with elephants mentioned that the elephants could feel the tremors, too. They responded by trumpeting loudly, but thankfully, no elephants were harmed by the disaster.”

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates

For a short month, the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic was busy with several cases. Interestingly, 45% of the cases last month were due to eye concerns. There were also a handful of wounds which needed tending, a couple of foot injuries and a nursing issue.

Upon arrival at their first case, the team found the elephant standing calmly in front of tourists, eating, and appearing generally fine. However, her left eye exhibited excessive tearing and squinting. A visible wooden stick was embedded at the outer corner of the eye, and the third eyelid was swollen and protruding, obscuring the eyeball. To the vet’s surprise, the stick was larger and longer than expected. Fortunately, there was no bleeding after extraction. The eye was rinsed with a saline solution and treated with antibiotic eye drops. Once the pain subsided, a hole-like wound was observed. Given the risk of deeper injury, the cow was transferred to hospital for further diagnostic imaging and intensive care. Thankfully, the eye globe structure remained unharmed, and her vision was preserved.

The surprisingly large stick removed from the elephant’s eye

At the second case, the mahout reported an adult female elephant experiencing excessive tearing for a couple of days and noted that she had been playing in the dirt frequently. In response, they began cleaning her eye with clean water more frequently. Upon examination, the veterinarian observed a whitish spot on the cornea, diagnosing a superficial corneal ulcer. After demonstrating the proper application of topical eye drops to the mahout, recommending administration four times daily, and an anti-inflammatory drug was provided for three consecutive days the team also advised keeping the elephant in the shade to enhance her comfort and support healing. At the follow-up visit two weeks later, her eye had cleared completely.

Eye with white corneal ulcer

The other two cases of lacrimation (excessive tearing) were similar cases in two very different patients. One case was that of an adult female and the other a two-month-old calf. In both cases, fluorescein staining was performed, and both results were negative, confirming no corneal damage and mahouts at both locations were instructed in methods to help rinse and clean the eyes of their elephants, especially after playing in the mud and dirt.

The young calf tearing consistently

In addition to the other cases the CMU Mobile Vet Clinic was requested to conduct a health examination, with a focus on foot care, for an adult male tusker elephant who had sustained injuries from a mine explosion 10 years ago. He had chronic wounds on both hind limbs and was recently rescued and transported from a border area to a camp in Mae Rim. In terms of gait analysis, he was able to bear weight on all four limbs. The mahout led him into the river for a bath before the examination. During the assessment, they found a severely open wound on the left hind footpad. The right hind foot had an open wound on the footpad and an abscess at the nail base, which extended deep into the foot. Both wounds emitted a strong odor. Due to the lack of appropriate facilities for foot trimming and intensive foot care, and since the elephant was still in the process of training and familiarizing himself with the mahout, the team focused on wound management and trained the mahout team on proper wound care techniques suitable for the current situation. The wound care process involved cleaning the affected areas with a chlorhexidine solution, brushing out debris and dirt, and repeatedly rinsing with saline and povidone-iodine solution. After drying the wounds with gauze, an antibiotic ointment was then applied.

Tusker favoring his right rear foot

Abscesses on the rear feet of the tusker with old mine wounds

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates

Each year, organizations responsible for elephant health conduct a population census and provide health services for all elephants in human care in Chiang Mai. The 2025 event took place over the last two weeks of January and involved collaboration between the Center of Elephant Research and Health Service under the Division of Animal Welfare and Veterinary Service of the Department of Livestock Development, the Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC), and the Center of Elephant and Wildlife Health at Chiang Mai University. The event focused on conducting a population census, performing health checks, providing antiparasitic treatments, vitamins, and basic medical supplies to the elephants.

During the census, the team did not finalize a summary of the total number of elephants in Chiang Mai yet, but the estimate seems to be approximately same as last year, around 830-870. Most of the elephants were in good body condition. A few had minor health issues, for which the team provided recommendations and guidance to their owners and mahouts. Most of the health issues noted were dry eyes and skin. This year, the team was excited to also meet many newborn elephants in both Mae Wang and Mae Tang areas.

Two “naughty” one-year-old calves run around camp during health checks

The few cases during the beginning of the month were on the milder side. There were a couple of gastrointestinal discomfort cases, an eye irritation case, and a couple of wounds requiring therapy and care.

The owner of a middle-aged female elephant who was presenting with excessive tears from her eyes contacted the CMU Mobile Vet Team. She said that she had tried to clean the eyes and apply eye drops for a week but it was not better. Upon the examination, the elephant’s face was covered with the red dirt and excessive tears showed on both eyes. The right eye was found to have a cloudy scar on the cornea, whereas the left eye showed mild cloudy and more excessive tear. The vets cleaned the eyes then, fluorescein staining was done to ensure there were no obvious ulcers. It was suggested the elephant be kept in a shaded area, the eye rinsed several times, and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug applied.

The vets using stain to check for ulcers in the eye

One of the wounds being cared for was an older wound from last month that was still requiring treatment. While the wound showed significant improvement, it had not yet fully healed, so laser treatment remained ongoing.

Visiting vet student learning to use the laser for wound treatment

The second wound was a ruptured mass on the elephant’s left elbow. The owner was unsure about wound care. The mass was large, firm, and had a thin, ruptured center. The wound was cleaned with saline and an antiseptic solution, followed by alcohol and povidone-iodine applications. Then the wound was widened with a small incision to improve drainage and cleaning. Given the risk of infection, the vet advised the owner and mahout to clean the wound regularly and apply antibiotic ointment until it healed.

The third wound was a mother elephant with bleeding at her teat. Her 1.5-month-old calf had started teething and unintentionally injured her nipple while nursing. Upon examination, a fresh wound on her right nipple was found, but the bleeding had stopped, and milk flow remained unaffected. The mother did not resist nursing on either side. The mahout was advised to clean the wound only with saline, drying it with a clean cloth, and avoiding any medication to ensure safe nursing for the calf.

Mom with teething calf

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

CMU Mobile Vet Clinic Updates

New beginnings for the new year seems like the perfect theme for this update from Thailand. So, what better way to start the new year than with news from the Chiang Mai University (CMU) Mobile Vet Clinic team than to talk about babies and the future elephant vets of the world? The roster of the month also included some of the more typical calls like gastrointestinal upset, stiffness, abscesses, and wound care which kept the team busy. Thanks to the team with the CMU Mobile Vet Clinic for all they are doing to improve the lives of elephants now and into the future.

The vet staff of the center and the Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC) welcomed and facilitated vet students from Ohio State University in a short training program about elephant medicine at TECC on December 19-20. They discussed topics of management and welfare in 4 groups of elephants. The students got to practice a full physical examination of elephants, and they also learned and practiced medical treatment with cases at the elephant hospital under the supervision of a professional veterinarian as well. This program provided a good opportunity for experiencing to vet students about Asian elephants.

Ohio State University veterinary students at TECC

On December 10, the veterinarian received a call at 3 AM about a new mother elephant showing signs of labor. She gave birth to a healthy male calf at 5:50 AM. Although the calf was strong, the new mother reacted aggressively toward him. The team quickly stepped in to assist, restraining the mother and gradually introducing the calf to her. The placenta had not yet been expelled, and the mother was still agitated when the team attempted to bring the baby to nurse. After 4 hours, the veterinarian administered an oxytocin injection to help the mother expel the placenta and stimulate milk letdown. The team and the vets tried introducing the calf to mom over and over every 30 minutes to 1 hour all day long without much luck. They even started manually milking mom when presenting the calf. Fortunately, by the next morning, nearly 24 hours after birth, the mother had learned to accept the calf and allow him to nurse. The following day when the vets followed up on the calf, they found that he was staying close to his mother and successfully nursing.

(Left) Attempting to introduce the calf to mom in order to nurse

(Right) Calf finally nursing at vet follow-up visit

The veterinarian examined a calf born in November whose mother had a mammary teat defect. The left teat was atrophied, while the right teat was abnormally shaped, making it difficult for the calf to nurse. A few days later, the mother showed signs of agalactia (reduced milk production and letdown). Both the mother and calf were sent to the foundation hospital in Lampang for care. After two weeks, they returned to the camp. The camp vet and the owner requested the CMU mobile vet team to monitor the calf’s health. Upon arrival, they found the calf walking at the forest’s edge with his mother and the herd. The calf was alert, but was very small and thin. It was recommended to keep them in an enclosure to allow the calf to nurse more frequently and get adequate rest.

The calf was active and alert, but thin

The owner of an elephant in Mae Wang contacted the CMU mobile vet regarding a newborn calf, which was born on December 10 at 5:35 PM. By the following morning, the calf had not been able to nurse. While the mother elephant did not harm the baby, the calf was unable to find the teat. Due to the lack of sucking or stimulation, the mother’s milk production was reduced. The veterinarian examined both the mother and calf, and they were both healthy. The vet administered the oxytocin to the mother to promote the milk letdown. In addition, the vet recommended that the calf be brought to the mother for milking at least once every hour. After nearly a full day, the mahout reported that the calf still could not nurse. They sought advice on hand-rearing the calf to prevent starvation and weakness. Happily, after 2-3 days the calf was able to nurse on his own.

The new mom with her little boy who was named Maoi

We are so grateful for the continuing efforts of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic Team! Help AES continue to support them as they strive to make a better future for Thai elephants, by donating TODAY at www.asianelephantsupport.org/donate

Updates from Chiang Mai University Mobile Clinic - October 2024

Cases for the Mobile Clinic Vet Team were relatively tame during September; cracked nails requiring attention, cloudy eyes, abscesses and sores requiring treatment, and even a lice infestation. The team also hosted an educational workshop for mahouts.

The Chiang Mai University (CMU) veterinary team organized a 3-day workshop titled “Elephant Vet Assistant Course in Mae Win.” The workshop focused on enhancing the skills and knowledge of mahouts, who have the potential to become key individuals in providing health care and monitoring the health of elephants.

CMU vet instructs at mahout workshop

The workshop covered everything from elephant anatomy and physiology, how to observe elephant health, conducting physical examinations, performing nail and foot care, reproductive management, and elephant welfare. All participants were given the opportunity to practice physical examinations, basic veterinary procedures, and nail trimming. At the end of the workshop, all participants received a medical kit for their camp.

One of the eye cases was a deep corneal ulcer. After several treatments including pain relief medication and applying eye drops four times a day the affected eye became cloudier, appearing more severe and painful. In response, the vet switched to a stronger eye drop and began administering intravenous antibiotics. Those treatments still did not work so the team considered a new method of treatment. Stem cell therapy has recently gained popularity as a treatment for deep corneal ulcers in elephants. Treating eye ulcers in elephants is a long and challenging process, with risks of infection and slow healing that can lead to persistent scarring. However, it has been reported that stem cell therapy promotes faster and more effective healing.

Deep corneal ulcer suffered by male elephant

There were several cases in September regarding sores that required treatment. One specific case was a male elephant with a suspected abscess that CMU Mobile Vets were set to drain. However, when the vet began the procedure and cut into the abscess, she found that the material inside suggested something different instead. The material coming from the sore suggested a lipoma, instead. The vet was able to remove all the material, clean the area, and stitch it up.

Lipoma removal and treatment

Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!
CLICK HERE to donate and support the work of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic.

Updates from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic

Lots of cases during the month of August kept the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic in Northern Thailand busy. There were multiple calls for wounds, eye issues, gastrointestinal upsets, and lameness. Thankfully, none of the cases this month resulted in an elephant hospitalization.

Two of the cases this month were eye related. An elderly cow was experiencing issues with a chronic but healing superficial corneal ulcer.  The vets provided guidance on the correct method of eye care, access to shade, and provided eye rinse solutions and eye drops. At another stop two more elephants were experiencing eye issues. From previous experience, the team knew that the camp kept a light bulb on every night, which attracted a large number of insects to the resting area. The vet prescribed anti-inflammatory medication, provided eye rinsing solutions, and recommended turning off the lights at night. The following week, the elephants had all returned to normal!

Small whitish spot on the cornea indicating ulcer

August also had several cases of lameness and wounds, six, all together. The first case of lameness resolved itself easily with the aid of anti-inflammatory drugs and a warm herbal massage. Another case of lameness, later in the month, was feared to be the result of an accident, but upon examination the vets found a small puncture wound that seemed to be the cause of the leg’s inflammation and limp. The vet performed laser therapy on the wound to help diminish the swelling and pus found at the site. 

This small puncture caused major inflammation and pain

Abscess at the base of the nail causing lameness

In addition, an elderly elephant was suffering from a spontaneously protruding abscess at the base of her nail. The team cleaned the wound multiple times before administering laser therapy directly to the affected area. Laser therapy was also applied along the length of the leg to stimulate blood circulation; it was expected to decrease swelling. And finally, the team visited a young tusker male who had suffered a puncture wound all the way through his trunk from front to back. A vet assistant in the area had performed very good wound care to control bleeding and the CMU team was able to use laser therapy to help decrease swelling and promote healing. Therapy for this bull will continue once a week for several weeks to ensure the wound completely closes up on both sides.

Vet performs laser therapy on trunk puncture wound

 On August 26-27, the Thai Elephant Conservation Center and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, co-hosted the National Elephant Conference with the theme “Collaboration Without Borders” at the National Elephant Institute. International speakers from India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Laos were invited to share insights into the cultural role elephants play in their respective countries. One of the most important topics focused on cross-country and global collaborations for the conservation of Asian elephants and our very own president, Linda Reifschneider, was invited to speak. Overall, the conference was a great success, offering a comprehensive summary of the ongoing global efforts to protect and preserve this majestic and intelligent species.

Linda and the Thai National Elephant Conference in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!
CLICK HERE to donate and support the work of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic.

Updates from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic

The CMU Mobile Vet team stayed busy in July collaborating with others across the region to provide support for a standing sedation to test a 60-year-old elephant for tuberculosis, provide advice and discuss elephant health topics at a local camp, conduct a training course for Long Island University students with the TECC team, and assisted in the annual health check program for elephants in the Mae Wang region.

Elephant after her annual health check up

 Thankfully, there was only a small number of additional, relatively minor, cases that needed their attention as well in July. Among the cases the CMU team visited were a minor mouth injury that, while not very pretty, seemed to cause no issues or pain for the patient and so the vets recommended no major actions and observations to make sure it doesn’t worsen. There was also a case of GI upset in a 40-year-old that had resolved with advice to hydrate more often and a suggested uphill hike with her mahout. And a tall, handsome bull presented with a chronic abscess on his left forelimb. The vet cleaned and removed the dirt outside with chlorhexidine scrub, rinsed with saline irrigation, then drained the abscess revealing the narrow tract. Finally, they dried it with a cotton swab and gauze then put bacitracin ointment on it.

Bull with abscess being treated

There were also a few cases involving young elephants this month. The first was a 13-year-old who presented with right forelimb stiffness. When the vets observed her gait, they found that she could not flex her elbow joint. After a course of painkillers, topical treatments, and a daily warm massage regimen she showed improvement. The next case was a young 5-month-old calf experiencing mild lameness with a slightly swollen left hind leg. The CMU vets examined the leg and foot pad, both of which presented nothing abnormal. The little bull was also bright, alert, and acting normal otherwise. After a round of anti-inflammatory meds and a topical treatment the calf showed great improvement.

Bright, attentive little bull with mild lameness

The most challenging case of the month was a first-time mother with a tiny calf. The newborn was reportedly lethargic and caretakers were worried she was unable to nurse appropriately. Several different groups came to help assess mother and calf. They determined that mom and calf were stuck in a cycle, because baby wasn’t nursing mom wasn’t producing the hormones required to produce milk, without the milk production baby couldn’t nurse even if she could reach, and so on.  Eventually, the solution was to give the mom domperidone to stimulate prolactin secretion for milk production, build a ramp for the calf to stand on in order to nurse, and to avoid undue stress on mom the mahout would bring them back to the ramp every couple of hours to ensure baby had the opportunity to nurse often. The calf was finally able to nurse and mahouts will keep a close eye on the two for the next weeks and months.

Tiny calf nursing during examination from the vet

Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!
CLICK HERE to donate and support the work of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic.

Updates from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic

June for the Chiang Mai University (CMU) Mobile Vet Team was another month of tending to some of Thailand’s most vulnerable elephants, calves. This month in addition to the adults with gastrointestinal issues, eye irritation, and tetanus vaccinations there were several cases concerning calves. One calf was unable to nurse from its mother. A naughty little calf presented with a steel rod stuck in her throat. And, unfortunately, EEHV claimed the life of yet another young calf from a camp already impacted by EEHV just a month earlier.

An owner called to consult about a mother and a calf living in Mae Tang with a case of Agalactia. (Agalactia is a condition of decreased or the absence of the production of breast milk). She said that the baby often cried, had decreased feces, and attempted to suckle for milk but he preferred only the left side mammary gland. His mother had quite a bit of shrinkage of the left mammary gland while the right was still enlarged. The owner was so worried about the lack of milk consumption she started milking the right-side mammary teat of the mother and was able to bottle-feed the baby. When the vets arrived, they examined mom and calf, recommended restricting the access of the baby to only nurse from the right side so he could nurse efficiently, and prescribed Domperidone to stimulate the secretion of the hormone prolactin to help with mom’s milk production.

Calf attempting to nurse on mom’s left side

Late in the afternoon on another day, the vets got an emergency call from the owner of a 16-month-old elephant. The owner said that there was a rod of steel obstructing the young elephant’s mouth. The team rushed to aid the calf, considering the very likely possibility of having to sedate the calf.  Thankfully, the baby could eat and drink throughout the morning until the afternoon she presented signs of vomiting but she wasn’t depressed. When a stick of sugarcane fell out of her mouth the mahout noticed a 5.5-inch-long steel rod stuck sideways in her mouth. Fortunately, the little calf didn’t swallow it. The mahout was able to remove the rod before the CMU team arrived and, once they were there, the vet did a thorough exam to make sure the calf had no internal injuries to the mouth and throat or bleeding.

Naughty calf with her junior caretaker and steel rod compared to a ballpoint pen

Unfortunately, EEHV reared its head again in Mae Wang when the CMU team was called to see a 4-year-old elephant when the mahout noticed that she was depressed. One young elephant from this camp got sick from an EEHV type 1 infection in April, was treated at the TECC hospital, and went back home in May. The vet performed a physical examination and found the calf already had petechial hemorrhage starting to present on her tongue, mild facial swelling, and a high fever, so the calf was immediately referred to the TECC hospital.

Calf receiving treatment for EEHV

Before the 3-hour trip from Mae Wang to the hospital in Lampang, the calf received antipyretics, Vitamin C, and antiviral drugs. A blood sample was also collected for hematology and EEHV diagnosis. When the truck arrived at the hospital the TECC vet team stood by to start the intensive treatment for her. The next day, results from CMU EEHV lab revealed that she was infected with both EEHV type 1 and 4. Sadly, despite all their efforts, she could not overcome the infection and passed away at 7 p.m.

Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!
CLICK HERE to donate and support the work of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic.

Updates from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic

Sad news this month from Thailand. In the afternoon of May 16, the chief mahout of camp in Mae Wang called our vet about a 3-year-old calf who got facial swelling.  A mahout had noticed that the young male calf presented mild swelling on his jaw but was still acting normally; eating well, sleeping, urinating, and defecating. The CMU team immediately asked the mahout to send pictures and some videos for evaluation. The team rushed to see the calf for a physical evaluation and referred the calf to the TECC hospital for emergency treatment. The calf was depressed. He had mild to moderate facial swelling, especially at both jaws and the area above the eyes. His tongue presented the purple spots consistent with hemorrhaging. He also had a fever and a mild watery diarrhea with quite a bad smell. Many EEHV symptoms were present. At the same time the TECC team was working hard to find suitable blood donors to immediately start a blood transfusion when the calf arrived.

Calf was lethargic upon the team’s arrival

The veterinarians gave an antiviral drug and vitamin C to the elephant. The calf also received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the fever from infection and the inflammatory process. At the hospital he got a platelet-rich plasma transfusion that night. The next day he got a second blood transfusion. The TECC team provided extreme treatment against EEHV. The EEHV test from CMU showed that the calf tested positive for type 1 and 4 co-infection. Unfortunately, he couldn't be saved. He passed away on day 3 of the intensive care.

Veterinarian draws blood to match for plasma donation

This case reminds us just how important our work is and how much fundraisers like Pizza for Pachyderms can help impact the care of elephants in Asia. This little calf’s treatment was funded in part through AES and donations from people like you. We are extremely grateful to the teams from the CMU mobile vet unit and thee TECC for their efforts to treat this calf and others affected by EEHV.

  Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!
CLICK HERE to donate and support the work of the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic.

Updates from the Chiang Mai University Mobile Vet Clinic - April 2024

April was a busy month for the CMU Mobile Vet team! In addition to routine health checks and blood draws there seemed to be many calls concerning wounds of all types this month along with some musculoskeletal concerns.
 
Early in the month the team checked in on two geriatric cows who had not been seen by vets in a couple years. At 50 and 60 years old, both cows were deemed to be in good health and body condition. They received parasite control, tetanus vaccines, and blood work all showed normal conditions. The vets also visited three other elephants for blood work a few days later. And later in the month, the vets visited a small, 5 member herd with a new owner who wanted to ensure the health of all including a 1.5 month old calf. All seemed happy and healthy and the team educated the owner and mahout on preventative care and EEHV. 

Geriatric cow getting a check up

Newest member of the small herd to get a check up

There were several wounds that seemed to be the result of minor interactions. One cow had a small wound with swelling under the eye after being hit inadvertently by her young son’s small tusk, which healed well a few days later. Another case presented an elephant who had knife wounds in the right shoulder area and right rear leg. The vets were able to flush necrotic tissue from the area, removed pus, dressed the wound with instructions on how to continue cleaning and dressing for the mahout. She also received antibiotic treatment and pain medication. On her second follow up they found the wound had dried and closed up. In one wound case, a young elephant at a festival managed to slice her tongue and lip on broken glass. The mahout was able to stem the bleeding and vets later cleaned the wound, administered pain medications and a tetanus shot upon assessing the wound condition. The little cow was still able to eat well and healed up nicely.  

Mom with swollen eye

Elephant from festival getting tetanus vaccine

In several of the cases involving wound or musculoskeletal issues the vet team was able to use laser therapy to help with inflammation. One 30-year-old female presenting with stiffness in her forelimbs received laser therapy after the CMU team was able to utilize a thermo-scanning camera in order to detect the area of inflammation. In addition to the laser treatment, she also received painkillers and a prescribed hot oil massage. Laser treatment was also used in another case. This female had a history of nail rot and during a recent foot care session 2 new fistula wounds had occurred under the nail. The vets swabbed the wound for bacterial culture and then were able to apply laser therapy using the stick laser probe which was inserted into the holes in the nail.

Using the camera to find inflammation on a thermal scan

Inserting laser probe into nail to treat wound

Thank you to the CMU Veterinary Team for their outstanding commitment to Thailand’s elephants! And thank YOU to all who help support their work through AES!